Batteries made of lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) are available in a single package that is packed with a great deal of capability and value. The chemistry of lithium batteries is a significant contributor to the enhanced performance of these batteries. In addition to the battery cells, every reputable lithium-ion battery also has a battery management system (BMS) that has been meticulously constructed. Additionally, the battery cells themselves are an essential component. A battery management system that has been thoughtfully built may provide the highest level of protection and monitoring for a lithium-ion battery, allowing it to achieve optimal performance, maximize its lifespan, and guarantee safe operation over a broad variety of operating situations.
A Protection Against Overvoltage
Over a wide voltage range, generally ranging from 2.0V to 4.2V, LiFePO4 cells are able to function without risk. Cells that are produced using certain lithium chemistries are very susceptible to overvoltage, while cells made by LiFePO4 are more tolerant of this condition. In spite of this, severe overvoltage for an extended length of time during the charging process may result in the plating of metallic lithium on the anode of the battery, which results in a permanent degradation of performance. Furthermore, the cathode material may undergo oxidation, resulting in a decrease in its stability, and the production of carbon dioxide, which may cause an increase in the pressure inside the cell. The Yibai Energy BMS restricts each cell and the battery itself to a maximum voltage of 3.9V and 15.6V.
Under Voltage Protection
Under-voltage during battery discharge is also an issue as draining a LiFePO4 cell below around 2.0V may result in a breakdown of the electrode components. The BMS functions as a fail-safe to disconnect the battery from the circuit if any cell dips below 2.0V. Polinovel lithium batteries have a suggested minimum operating voltage, which is 2.5V for cells, and 10V for the battery.
OverCurrent Protection
Every battery has a maximum specified current for safe operation. If a load which pulls a larger current to the batter, it might result in overheating the battery. While it’s crucial to utilize the battery in a manner to maintain the current draw below the maximum specification, the BMS again functions as a backstop against over-current scenarios and disconnects the battery from circuit.
Short Circuit Protection
The short circuit of the battery is the most hazardous kind of the over-current problem. It most usually occurs when the electrodes are unintentionally linked with a piece of metal. The BMS must rapidly identify a short circuit issue before the abrupt and large current draw overheats the battery and causes catastrophic damage.
Over Temperature
Lithium iron phosphate batteries work effectively and safely at temperatures up to 60℃ or greater. But at greater working and storage temperatures, like with all batteries, the electrode materials will begin to deteriorate. The BMS of a lithium battery employs integrated thermistors to monitor the temperature during operation, and it will disconnect the battery from the circuit at a set temperature.
Lithium iron phosphate batteries are made of more than simply individual cells joined together. They also incorporate a battery management system (BMS) which is not normally visible to the end-user, ensuring sure each cell in the battery stays within safe limits. At Yibai Energy, all our LiFePO4 batteries contain an internal or external BMS to safeguard, manage, and monitor the battery to guarantee safety and optimize the lifespan throughout the entire spectrum of operating circumstances.